Drawing by Division of Plant Industry. The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata(Wiedemann), is one of the world's most destructive fruit pests. Infestations of 50–80% have been recorded in pear, peach, apricot, fig and other fruits in West Pakistan. The mature larva emerges from the fruit, drops to the ground, and forms a tan to dark brown puparium about 4.9 mm in length. 2004). Figure 11. Apparently, ripe fruit are preferred for oviposition, but immature ones may also be attacked. Photograph by Okinawa Prefectural Fruit Fly Eradication Project Office. Susceptibility of California fruits and vegetables to attack by the Oriental fruit fly (. Subtropical Fruit Pests. A quarantine was established and an eradication program begun (CDFA 2010). The economic importance of this fruit fly is increasing due to its invasion of new geographical areas. Some fruit, such as banana and avocado may be picked in a mature green condition, before fruit fly can lay its eggs in the fruit. Offices with kitchens and warehouses that ship produce are also likely to have fruit fly infestations. Head and buccal carinae of larva. Figure 8. 1969. Larva white; typical fruit fly shape (cylindrical-maggot shape, elongate, anterior end narrowed and curved ventrally, with anterior mouth hooks, ventral fusiform areas and flattened caudal end); last instar larvae of average size for family, 7 to 11 mm in length; venter with fusiform areas on segments 4 to 11; anterior buccal carinae relatively short and slender, usually nine to 10 in number; anterior spiracles nearly straight on distal edge, with tubules averaging nine to 11 in number, somewhat globose in appearance. The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a very destructive pest of fruit in areas where it occurs. To the north of Luku, Dayiao and Qujing is the zone without the insect, where the Oriental fruit fly was not trapped and no fruits infested by the fly were found during the present study. In Hawaii, larvae were found in more than 125 kinds of hosts. Larvae of fruit flies. While not established in Florida, oriental fruit fly and relatives, such as Bactrocera correcta, are regularly trapped in this state. Cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of larva. 1983. 1989. Figure 2. (2016). Steiner traps baited with a lure and toxicant are also used to monitor the presence and control of the flies. Synonymization of key pest species within the. II. Ovipositor of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Abstract The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a serious pest inaect for vegetables and fruits in Yunnan Province. Host and geographic distribution: Knowing the locality, host or lure a fruit fly was collected from can provide invaluable information towards making a diagnosis, but must also be used with caution to avoid falsely identifying a specimen as pest or The Oriental fruit fly (. Given the life spans of a species of fruit fly have a bell-shaped distribution, with the mean of 33 days and the standard deviation of 4 days. Abstract The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a serious pest inaect for vegetables and fruits in Yunnan Province. The full text of this article hosted at iucr.org is unavailable due to technical difficulties. 1963. (a) Median: 0.785 (b) … Larva (general description): The third-instar, which has a typical maggot appearance, is about 10 mm in length and creamy white. Drawing by Division of Plant Industry. Development from egg to adult under summer conditions requires about 16 days. Photograph by Scott Bauer, USDA. Learn about our remote access options, Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China. 1953. Unlimited viewing of the article PDF and any associated supplements and figures. This pest has been intercepted on many occasions at ports of entry on the U.S. mainland. All Japanese territories were declared free of the oriental fruit fly in 1985, after an 18-year program of eradication combining insecticide-impregnated fiberblocks or cotton containing the powerful male attractant methyl-eugenol, and the sterile insect (sterile male) technique. Steck GJ. Pupation occurs in the soil. Use the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Drew RAI, Courtice AC, Teakle DS. The peak abundance of the oriental fruit fly took place from June in Jinghong to October in Yiaoan, along the altitude graduates from the south to the north. Steiner trap used to monitor and control the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Agropec. 1979. Fruit flies also may breed and develop in drains, garbage disposals, trash cans, and mop buckets. Fullaway DT. 3X width) oval openings on each kidney-shaped spiracular plate, with dorsal and ventral spiracles angled to the caudal end center, and the median spiracle relatively straight; interspiracular processes (hairs) numerous, at four sites on each plate, latero-distal to spiracles, and the tips usually bifurcate; anal lobes entire and prominent. The Mexican fruit fly is found in Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico and Nicaragua. Adult female oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), laying eggs in fruit. The developmental periods may be extended considerably by cool weather. Determine whether any of these life spans are unusual. 1953. The Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) is one of the world's most economically damaging pests. The trap experiments located in 12 counties of Yunnan indicated that, the geographical distribution of Oriental fruit fly there could be plotted as three distribution zones. Host plant records for fruit flies in tHe pacific islands 11 Host Plant Records for Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) in the Pacific Islands Luc Leblanc1, Ema Tora Vueti2, Richard A. I. Drew3*, and Allan J. Allwood4 1University of Hawaii, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, 3050 Maile Way, Room 310, Honolulu, Hawaii, 26822–2271. Mexican fruit fly adults have been trapped a number of times in California and several infestations have been eradicated from the state. Effect of ripeness and location of papaya fruits on the parasitization rates of Oriental fruit fly and melon fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) by braconid (Hymenoptera) parasitoids. Figure 1. The extensive damage caused by the oriental fruit fly in areas similar to Florida indicates that this species could rapidly become a very serious pest of citrus and other fruit and vegetables if it became established in Florida. (a) The life spans of three randomly selected fruit flies are 33 days, 29 days, and 42 days. Berg GH. Other synonyms include Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White, Bactrocera papayae Drew & Hancock, and Bactrocera philippinensis Drew & Hancock (Schutze et al. Maggots feed inside the fruits, but at times also f… 1951. 2011), Pacific Islands: Mariana Islands, Tahiti, Hawaii. Under optimum conditions, a female can lay more than 3,000 eggs during her lifetime, but under field conditions from 1,200 to 1,500 eggs per female is considered to be the usual production. Schutze MK, Aketarawong N, Amornsak W, Armstrong KF, Augustinos AA, Barr N, Bo W, Bourtzis K, Boykin LM, Cáceres C, Cameron SL, Chapman TA, Chinvinijkul S, Chomic A, De Meyer M, Drosopoulou E, Englezou A, Ekesi S, Gariou-Papalexiou A, Geib SM, Hailstones D, Hasanuzzaman M, Haymer D, Hee AKW, Hendrichs J, Jessup A, Ji Q, Khamis FM, Krosch MN, Leblanc L, Mahmood K, Malacrida AR, Mavragani-Tsipidou P, Mwatawala M, Nishida R, Ono H, Reyes J, Rubinoff D, San Jose M, Shelly TE, Srikachar S, Tan KH, Thanaphum S, Haq I, Vijaysegaran S, Wee SL, Yesmin F, Zacharopoulou A, Clarke R. 2015. Pruitt JH. USDA. Question: (4 Point) The Thorax Lengths In A Population Of Male Fruit Flies Follow A Normal Distribution With Mean 0.785 Millimeters (rm) And Standard Deviation 0.082 Mm. Cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton with large convex, sharply pointed mouth hook each side, each hook about 2X hypostome length; hypostomium with prominent, semi-rounded subyhypostomium; post-hypostomial plates curved gradually to dorsal bridge, fused with sclerotized rays of central area of dorsal wing plate but with a semi-articulated area between; parastomium prominent; dorsal wing plate with posterior ray split; dorsal bridge anterior with a sclerotized point; pharyngeal plate about 25% longer than dorsal wing plate, with median area below dorsal bridge relatively unsclerotized, and a prominent hood. The trap experiments located in 12 counties of Yunnan indicated that, the geographical distribution of Oriental fruit fly there could be plotted as three distribution zones. 2007): Asia: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China (southern), Hong Kong, India (numerous states), Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Ogasawara Islands, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Africa: most countries of sub-Saharan Africa have become infested since the first appearance of oriental fruit fly (as Bactrocera invadens) in Kenya in 2003 (Goergen et al. Bacteria as a natural source of food for adult fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). When the fruit fly exclusion zone was withdrawn in Victoria and New South Wales in 2013, B. tryoni became endemic once again in this area and the national distribution of B. tryoni changed. USDA-APHIS, in cooperation with threatened states, has established action plans that go into effect when fruit flies are trapped and reported (USDA 2008). (July 2007). The tropical fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of the Australasian and Oceanian region. Drawing by Division of Plant Industry. Ebeling W. 1959. Figure 5. Unlimited viewing of the article/chapter PDF and any associated supplements and figures. Distribution. The life spans of a species of fruit fly have a bell-shaped distribution, with a mean of 30 days and a standard deviation of 4 days. The above descriptions were from larvae examined in verified samples from Hawaii (in immatures collection of the Florida State Collection of Arthropods). *The project supported by Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan. Photograph by Okinawa Prefectural Fruit Fly Eradication Project Office. University of Florida (Gainesville), MS thesis. suspensa. It is the principal pest of mangoes in the Philippines. Please check your email for instructions on resetting your password. In this region, the Oriental fruit fly completed 4–5 generations per year, and infested the local vegetables and fruits all the year around. The external part of the anterior respiratory organs, the spiracles, located one on each side of the pointed or head end of the larva, has an exaggerated and deflexed lobe at each side and bears many small tubercles. Due to confusion with other species, some country records have been based on misidentifications. South Brisbane, Australia. San Salvador: Org. Figure 7. 1991. However, avocado, mango and papaya are the most commonly attacked. and you may need to create a new Wiley Online Library account. The fly attacks ripening fruit, causing it to rot and fall off the tree. Eggs of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Posterior spiracles and anal lobes of larva. 20: 395-428. Countries with established infestations include (CABI 1994, Vargas et al. Female oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, ovipositing on citrus fruit. Distribution: Queensland fruit fly is a native pest occurring throughout eastern Australia. The fruit fly occurred only during May to December in this area, and completed 2–3 generations in this period. There are about 950 species and 150 genera of fruit fly (Tephritidae) known in Africa, most of which form a natural component of Africa’s rich and varied biodiversity, in … ... fruit fly complex which includes more than 68 species that are very closely related and difficult to identify. Bactrocera dorsalis was formerly known as Dacus dorsalis. Adult: The adult, which is noticeably larger than a house fly, has a body length of about 8.0 mm; the wing is about 7.3 mm in length and is mostly hyaline. It was a serious pest of citrus and other subtropical fruits in Japan, Okinawa, and the Japanese islands of Amami, Miyako, and Bonin before it was eradicated. Identification of Fruit Fly Larvae Frequently Intercepted at Ports of Entry of the United States. Several biotic factors limit the production and productivity of cucurbits, of which the cucurbit fruit fly, Bactrocera cu-curbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae), has been the most prominent pest. These bacterial colonies are more plentiful under humid conditions. Relationship of sexual maturation rate to response of Oriental fruit fly strains (Diptera: Tephritidae) to methyl eugenol. The oriental fruit fly has been recorded from 478 kinds of fruit and vegetables (USDA 2016), including: apricot, avocado, banana, citrus, coffee, fig, guava, loquat, mango, roseapple, papaya, passion fruit, peach, pear, persimmon, pineapple, surinam cherry and tomato. Photograph by Okinawa Prefectural Fruit Fly Eradication Project Office. Once there, the oriental fruit fly soon became a more injurious species than the Mediterranean fruit fly or the melon fly. Find the Z-score that corresponds to each life span. Heppner JB. Additional infestations were detected in 2002 and 2004, and were eradicated in 2006 and 2007 respectively. Mexican fruit fly is one of the world's most destructive invasive pests, attacking more than 40 different kinds of fruits and vegetables. ; Distribution In July 2010, fruit flies were discovered in traps in Sacramento and Placer counties. Because of its wide distribution over the world, its ability to tolerate cooler cli… Fighting Fruit Flies Regionally in Sub-Saharan Africa Fighting Fruit Flies Regionally in Sub-Saharan Africa Page 3 N°1, January 2011 Testimonies in various issues of this newsletter have high-lighted the destructive impact of the invasive fruit fly, Bac-trocera invadens, on fruit production and export in Eastern and Western Africa. To the south of Guannan, Yuanjiang and Rulin is the annual distribution zone. The factory is currently producing 2 million sterile fruit flies a week, with production ramping up in the coming weeks and expected to reach 50 million a week by 2019. Adult: The common fruit fly is normally a yellow brown (tan) color, and is only about 3 mm in length and 2 mm in width (Manning 1999, Patterson, et al 1943). Figure 3. Hardy DE, Adachi M. 1956. Drawing by Division of Plant Industry. Fruit flies will move in anywhere that there is an easy food source. In elevation, the Oriental fruit fly was trapped at altitude of 500–2300 m above sea level, in which high trap catches appeared between 500–1000 m. It is proposed that the variations of the fruit fly distribution in altitude and latitude are principally correlated with local temperatures and host plants. The ovipositor is very slender and sharply pointed. Most fruits can be affected including peaches, oranges, apples, pears, tomatoes and capsicums. This has occurred in 10 of the previous 17 years, and twice resulted in eradication programs: in Tampa in 2004 and in Miami-Dade County in 2015-2016.Â. When it has been detected in Florida, California, and Texas, especially in recent years, each infestation necessitated intensive and massive eradication and detection procedures so that the pest did not become established. Adult female oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), laying eggs by inserting her ovipositor in … The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a major pest throughout South East Asia and in a number of Pacific Islands. Once they begin reproducing indoors, females are able to lay about 500 eggs and the eggs will hatch in as little as 24-30 hours after being deposited by the female. Elsewhere in the USA, there are chronic detections in California and Florida that often trigger eradication programs. The caudal segment is very smooth. Liquido NJ. The only band of spinules encircling the body is found on the first segment. 69 pp. The color of the fly is very variable, but there are prominant yellow and dark brown to black markings on the thorax. Damage associated with this pest is caused by larval feeding in the fruit pulp, which can result in losses of up to 100% if left uncontrolled. European cherry fruit fly is the most serious pest of cherries in Europe. Internac. We found B. dorsalis to be distributed in 75 countries (comprised of 124 geographical distribution regions: provinces or states) in Asia, Africa, North … These markings may form a T-shaped pattern, but the pattern varies considerably. The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), is a key pest of fruit crops in many tropical, subtropical and mild temperate areas worldwide. Oecologia (Berlin) 60: 279-284. Reg. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society. Caudal end of larva. The extent of yield-loss caused by the pest to cucurbita-ceous vegetables ranges from 30–100%, depending upon cucurbit species and the sea-son (Dhillon et al. 2015). The shape of the common fruit fly's body is what one would normally imagine for a species of the order Diptera. Studies in Hawaiian fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae). Foote RH, Blanc FL. Drawing by Division of Plant Industry. The species originated in sub-Saharan Africa and is not known to be established in the continental United States. Journal of Chemical Ecology 15: 1399-1405. Oriental Fruit Fly Information. Learn more. Adults of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Generally, the abdomen has two horizontal black stripes and a longitudinal median stripe extending from the base of the third segment to the apex of the abdomen. Adult female oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), laying eggs by inserting her ovipositor in a papaya. These are mostly used for exterminating fruit flies within confined spaces. The following characters, in particular, distinguish larvae of the oriental fruit fly from the medfly (Heppner 1985): the anterior spiracles are aligned with a straighter distal margin than in the medfly and the tubules (9-11) are noticeably bulbous; the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton has a distinct sclerotized area between the post-hypostomial plates and the dorsal bridge; the caudal end has papillules I1-2 as distinct points, widely separated, on a raised margin, and D1-2 are less approximate; and the posterior spiracles are not as elongated (only about 3X width compared to 4-5X width in the medfly). In an investigation of fruit-fly behavior, a covered choice chamber is used to test whether the spatial distribution of flies is affected by the presence of a substance placed at one end of the chamber. Taxonomy and distribution of the oriental fruit fly and related species (Tephritidae, Diptera). 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